State and parameter estimation approach to monitoring AGR nuclear core

This work concerns with the problem of monitoring an Advanced Gas-cooled Nuclear Reactor (AGR) core. This plant (figure 1) makes use of the heat given by the nuclear efficient reaction to produce electricity by means of steam turbines. These are driven by steam, which is heated, from the AGR gas using a heat exchanger. One of the advantages of a gas cooled reactor is the high temperature that the gas can achieve so that when it is used in conjunction with the heat exchanger and steamed turbine the thermal efficiency is very high

The Jurassic pleurotomarioidean gastropod Laevitomaria and its palaeobiogeographical history

The genus Laevitomaria is reviewed and its palaeobiogeographical history is reconstructed based on the re-examination of its type species L. problematica, the study of material stored at the National Natural History Museum of Luxembourg, and an extensive review of the literature. The systematic study allows ascribing to Laevitomaria a number of Jurassic species from the western European region formerly included in other pleurotomariid genera. The following new combinations are proposed: Laevitomaria allionta, Laevitomaria amyntas, Laevitomaria angulba, Laevitomaria asurai, Laevitomaria daityai, Laevitomaria fasciata, Laevitomaria gyroplata, Laevitomaria isarensis, Laevitomaria joannis, Laevitomaria repeliniana, Laevitomaria stoddarti, Laevitomaria subplatyspira, and Laevitomaria zonata. The genus, which was once considered as endemic of the central part of the western Tethys, shows an evolutionary and palaeogeographical history considerably more complex than previously assumed. It first appeared in the Late Sinemurian in the northern belt of the central western Tethys involved in the Neotethyan rifting, where it experienced a first radiation followed by an abrupt decline of diversity in the Toarcian. Species diversity increased again during Toarcian\u2013Aalenian times in the southernmost part of western European shelf and a major radiation occurred during the Middle Aalenian to Early Bajocian in the northern Paris Basin and southern England. After a latest Bajocian collapse of diversity, Laevitomaria disappeared from both the central part of western Tethys and the European shelf. In the Bathonian, the genus appeared in the south-eastern margin of the Tethys where it lasted until the Oxfordian

Condition monitoring of an advanced gas-cooled nuclear reactor core

A critical component of an advanced gas-cooled reactor station is the graphite core. As a station ages, the graphite bricks that comprise the core can distort and may eventually crack. Since the core cannot be replaced, the core integrity ultimately determines the station life. Monitoring these distortions is usually restricted to the routine outages, which occur every few years, as this is the only time that the reactor core can be accessed by external sensing equipment. This paper presents a monitoring module based on model-based techniques using measurements obtained during the refuelling process. A fault detection and isolation filter based on unknown input observer techniques is developed. The role of this filter is to estimate the friction force produced by the interaction between the wall of the fuel channel and the fuel assembly supporting brushes. This allows an estimate to be made of the shape of the graphite bricks that comprise the core and, therefore, to monitor any distortion on them

Constraining the Milky Way potential using the dynamical kinematic substructures

We present a method to constrain the potential of the non-axisymmetric components of the Galaxy using the kinematics of stars in the solar neighborhood. The basic premise is that dynamical substructures in phase-space (i.e. due to the bar and/or spiral arms) are associated with families of periodic or irregular orbits, which may be easily identified in orbital frequency space. We use the "observed" positions and velocities of stars as initial conditions for orbital integrations in a variety of gravitational potentials. We then compute their characteristic frequencies, and study the structure present in the frequency maps. We find that the distribution of dynamical substructures in velocity- and frequency-space is best preserved when the integrations are performed in the "true" gravitational potential.Comment: 2 pages, 4 figures, to appear in the proceedings of "Assembling the Puzzle of the Milky Way", Le Grand Bornand (Apr. 17-22, 2011

Ethnobotanical Review and Dataset Compiling on Wild and Cultivated Plants Traditionally Used as Medicinal Remedies in Italy

Over the centuries, wild plants have constituted the main food ingredients and traditional medicine in rural communities. In the last decades, thousands of ethnobotanical studies have been conducted, with the aim of documenting the traditional knowledge on wild and cultivated plants both for food and therapeutic purposes. In the present work, 75 published papers related to Italian ethnobotanical knowledge on wild and cultivated plants traditionally used for medical purposes were analyzed and data on 1117 different species organized in the first dataset to target medicinal applications only. For each plant species, the Italian region of use, plant organs, mode of preparation, specific pathological group of application, citation index, and use index were listed. The different therapeutic applications were subdivided into nine main pathological groups according to the targeted human apparatus. Overall, the cited species with highest number of uses were related to the treatment of the digestive system and skin-ears-eyes-hair diseases, followed by diseases of the genito-urinary and respiratory systems. The 13 most relevant species were identified on the basis of their citation and use indexes. The present review on Italian medicinal flora aims to provide valuable information on wild and cultivated species, which are potential sources of plant-based therapeutic remedies, to preserve and reevaluate endangered traditional folk knowledge

Preparing North American Preservice Teachers for Global Perspectives: An International Teaching Practicum Experience in Africa

Given the economic, political, and social conditions in the world today and the increased diversity in Canadian classrooms, schools require teachers who have a strong sense of self-awareness and understanding of global issues. This article is based on empirical research involving preservice teachers from an Atlantic Canadian university. The preservice teachers did six weeks of teaching practicum in Africa. We draw on the theories of Africentricity and transformative learning to inform our analysis. Our findings suggest that preservice teachers who did their practicum in Africa increased their self-awareness, and enhanced their personal efficacy and understanding of cross-cultural, diversity, and globalization issues, which has informed their subsequent teaching practice in public school systems. We conclude with recommendations for teacher education programs

IEA annex 58 : full-scale empirical validation of detailed thermal simulation programs

As simulation programs become more widely used for building performance assessment and building regulations compliance, there is a need to ensure that there are good quality empirical datasets which can be used to assess the predictive accuracy of these programs. This paper summarises a detailed experiment carried out on two identical full-scale buildings located at the Fraunhofer IBP test site at Holzkirchen in Germany and the associated modelling of the buildings. The work was undertaken as part of IEA ECB Annex 58 "Reliable building energy performance characterization based on full scale dynamic measurements". The test sequence, applied to the side-by-side validation experiment conducted on the multi-roomed Twin Houses, consisted of periods of constant internal temperatures, a period of pseudo-random heat injections and a free-float period. All boundary and internal conditions were comprehensively monitored. Modelling teams were given details of the buildings and the boundary conditions, and over 20 teams submitted their predictions of the internal conditions which were subsequently compared with measurements. The paper focuses on a sensitivity study carried out to assess the overall prediction uncertainty resulting from the uncertainties in the input parameters, as well as identifying those inputs which had the most influence on predictions. An assessment of the measurement uncertainty is also included

P02-187 Assessing initial patient's affective disposition towards the hospitalization and the treatment: A validation study

The present work shows some preliminary results of a longitudinal study aimed at validating a psychometric instrument - the Subjective Distance Scale (SDS) - developed to assess the patient's affective nearness/remoteness towards/from the psychiatric treatment in a Day Hospital program. 55 day hospital patients were assessed at different moments of the treatment: At admission they were evaluated by means of the SDS, the SCL-90-R (patient's psychiatric symptoms) and the GAS (patient's mental health level). Institutional therapeutic alliance was assessed one week from admission (IWAI-p) and finally, patient's psychiatric symptoms were retested (SCL-90-R) at the end of the treatment and 3 months from discharge. The main results reveal good psychometric properties of the SDS: its factorial structure partially confirms the dimensions theoretically hypothesised; its internal consistency - total and most of its subscales - reach adequate reliability levels; and related to its predicted validity, the scale correlates with some important aspects of the treatment, like the quality of the early institutional alliance, the symptomatic improvement and the stability of the improvements in time. New studies with larger samples and conducted in additional psychiatric settings are necessary to guarantee the validity and reliability of the scale before it could be used as a clinical screening instrument

Nitinol Carbofilm coated stents for peripheral applications: Study in the porcine model

Purpose: Testing the safety and foreign body reaction (FBR) of a nitinol self-expandable carbon-coated stent system in the porcine animal model at different follow-up (FU) periods. Methods: Fifteen minipigs received 30 carbon-coated self-expandable nitinol stents in iliac arteries. Explants were carried out at 7 (3 animals), 30 (4 animals), 90 (4 animals) and 180 (4 animals) day FU, for evaluation of acute, sub-acute and chronic biological response to the implanted devices. Histological, immunohistochemical, histomorphometric and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed to assess inflammatory reaction, endothelialization process, neointimal growth and cellular composition. Results: Thirty stents were successfully implanted. No mural thrombi were observed at gross examination or by angiography. Histologically no significant inflammatory reaction was detected: the stents appeared covered by a thin monolayer of endothelial cells even at 7 day FU. The neointima presented homogeneous growth and moderate thickness after 30, 90 and 180 days explants (0.38± 0.36 mm, 0.33± 0.30 mm, 0.27± 0.25 mm respectively). Internal and external elastic laminae were intact in 95% of stented arteries. Histological data validations of vessel endothelialization was obtained with SEM for the seven day follow-up group. Conclusions: This study showed good remarkable technical performances, minimal FBR and biocompatibility comparable with other available pre-clinical experimentation

Gastropods from the Jurassic neptunian sills of Rocca Busambra (north-western Sicily, Italy): Patellogastropoda, Pleurotomarioidea, Scissurelloidea, Fissurelloidea and Eucycloidea

The gastropods from Jurassic neptunian sills of Rocca Busambra (Sicily, Italy) represent an extraordinary assemblage for richness and extremely high degree of novelty, consisting of about 250 species (two-thirds of which are new) of 20 superfamilies. A total of 38 species and 18 genera of Lottioidea, Pleurotomarioidea, Scissurelloidea, Fissurelloidea and Eucycloidea are described. Of these, 30 species and 9 genera are new, namely Ramusatomaria nuda gen. et sp. nov., Trapanimaria gattoi gen. et sp. nov., Trapanimaria nicolosiensis gen. et sp. nov., Trapanimaria? pallinii gen. et sp. nov., Trochotomaria conoidea sp. nov., Trochotomaria polymorpha sp. nov., Laevitomaria babalusciae sp. nov., Pyrgotrochus vorosi sp. nov., Auritoma lenticula gen. et sp. nov., Busambrella fasciata gen. et sp. nov., Emarginula (Emarginula) burgioi sp. nov., Emarginula (Tauschia) acutidens sp. nov., Propeucyclus sicanus gen. et sp. nov., Propeucyclus obesus gen. et sp. nov., Propeucyclus? semireticulatus gen. et sp. nov., Eucyclomphalus? marenostrum sp. nov., Toronyella lineata gen. et sp. nov., Toronyella margaritata gen. et sp. nov., Zarnglaffia polygonalis sp. nov., Zarnglaffia palermitana sp. nov., Ambercyclus cratisculptus sp. nov., Elymicyclus alternatus gen. et sp. nov., Elymicyclus ietumensis gen. et sp. nov., Elymicyclus martae gen. et sp. nov., Elymicyclus garibaldii gen. et sp. nov., Jurassiscala sturanii gen. et sp. nov., Jurassiscala? tenuiretis gen. et sp. nov., Fischeriella sicula sp. nov., Retimusina poseidoni gen. et sp. nov. and Retimusina? tritoni sp. nov. The new scissurelloidean family Auritomidae fam. nov. is erected. A palaeobiogeographical analysis indicates close relationships with coeval faunas from condensed pelagic carbonates of the central region of western Tethys